A Review on Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G

doi:10.13190/j.jbupt.2018-205

JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 69-77.doi: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2018-205

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

A Review on Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G

REN Pin-yi, TANG Xiao

1. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
2. Shaanxi Smart Networks and Ubiquitous Access Research Center, Xi'an 710049, China

Received:2018-08-20 Online:2018-10-28 Published:2018-11-20
Supported by:

Abstract

Abstract: Physical layer security techniques exploit the inherent randomness of wireless medium for information security, but which has been significantly challenged by the rapid development and evolvement of the fifth generation of mobile communications system (5G). The research and application of physical layer security techniques in 5G wireless networks was reviewed from three aspects:the joint investigation of physical layer security techniques and the new transmission techniques, the security enhancement schemes under emerging network scenarios, and the countermeasure design against the new threats in 5G wireless networks. Based on the survey of the latest researches in these areas, the open issues and future research directions were discussed.

Key words: the fifth generation of mobile communications system, physical layer security, mmWave

CLC Number:

TN92

REN Pin-yi, TANG Xiao. A Review on Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G[J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2018, 41(5): 69-77.

References

[1] Andrews J G, Buzzi S, Choi W, et al. What will 5G be?[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2014, 32(6):1065-1082.
[2] Wang C X, Haider F, Gao X, et al. Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks[J]. IEEE Commun Mag, 2014, 52(2):122-130.
[3] Mukherjee A, Fakoorian S A A, Huang J, et al. Principles of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks:a survey[J]. IEEE Commun Surveys & Tuts, 2014, 16(3):1550-1573.
[4] Wu Y, Khisti A, Xiao C, et al. A survey of physical layer security techniques for 5G wireless networks and challenges ahead[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2018, 36(4):679-695.
[5] Sun L, Du Q. Physical layer security with its applications in 5G networks:a review[J]. China Commun, 2017, 14(12):1-14.
[6] Shannon C E. Communication theory of secrecy systems[J]. The Bell Sys Tech J, 1949, 28(4):656-715.
[7] Wyner A D. The wire-tap channel[J]. The Bell Sys Tech J, 1975, 54(8):1355-1387.
[8] Zhou X, Mckay M R. Secure transmission with artificial noise over fading channels:achievable rate and optimal power allocation[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2010, 59(8):3831-3842.
[9] Wang B, Mu P, Li Z. Artificial-noise-aided beamforming design in the MISOME wiretap channel under the secrecy outage probability constraint[J]. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2017, 16(11):7207-7220.
[10] Li N, Tao X, Xu J. Artificial noise assisted communication in the multiuser downlink:optimal power allocation[J]. IEEE Commun Lett, 2015, 19(2):295-298.
[11] Chen X, Ng D W K, Gerstacker W, et al. A survey on multiple-antenna techniques for physical layer security[J]. IEEE Commun Surveys & Tuts, 2017, 19(2):1027-1053.
[12] Zhang G, Li X, Cui M, et al. Signal and artificial noise beamforming for secure simultaneous wireless information and power transfer multiple-input multiple-output relaying systems[J]. IET Commun, 2016, 10(7):796-804.
[13] Wu Y, Chen X, Chen X. Secure beamforming for cognitive radio networks with artificial noise[C]//Proc WCSP. Nanjing China:IEEE, 2015:1-5.
[14] Sendonaris A, Erkip E, Aazhang B. User cooperation diversity. part I. system description[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2003, 51(11):1927-1938.
[15] Wang W, Teh K C, Li K H. Generalized relay selection for improved security in cooperative DF relay networks[J]. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2016, 5(1):28-31.
[16] Hui H, Swindlehurst A L, Li G, et al. Secure relay and jammer selection for physical layer security[J]. IEEE Signal Process Lett, 2015, 22(8):1147-1151.
[17] Guo H, Yang Z, Zhang L, et al. Joint cooperative beamforming and jamming for physical-layer security of decode-and-forward relay networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2017(5):19620-19630.
[18] Chou T H, Draper S C, Sayeed A M. Secret key generation from sparse wireless channels:Ergodic capacity and secrecy outage[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2013, 31(9):1751-1764.
[19] Im S, Choi J, Ha J. Secret key agreement for massive MIMO systems with two-way training under pilot contamination attack[C]//Proc GC Wkshps. San Diego, USA:IEEE, 2015:1-6.
[20] Molisch A F, Ratnam V V, Han S, et al. Hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO:a survey[J]. IEEE Commun Mag, 2017, 55(9):134-141.
[21] Zhu J, Schober R, Bhargava V K. Linear precoding of data and artificial noise in secure massive MIMO systems[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2016, 15(3):2245-2261.
[22] Zhu J, Schober R, Bhargava V K. Secure transmission in multicell massive MIMO systems[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2014, 13(9):4766-4781.
[23] Asaad S, Bereyhi A, Rabiei A M, et al. Optimal transmit antenna selection for massive MIMO wiretap channels[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2018, 36(4):817-828.
[24] Chen J, Chen X, Gerstacker W H, et al. Resource allocation for a massive MIMO relay aided secure communication[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2016, 11(8):1700-1711.
[25] Wang L, Wong K, Elkashlan M, et al. Secrecy and energy efficiency in massive MIMO aided heterogeneous C-RAN:a new look at interference[J]. IEEE J Sel Topics Signal Process, 2016, 10(8):1375-1389.
[26] Guo K, Guo Y, Ascheid G. Security-constrained power allocation in MU-massive-MIMO with distributed antennas[J]. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2016, 15(12):8139-8153.
[27] Zhang R, Cai L, Zhong Z, et al. Cross-polarized three-dimensional channel measurement and modeling for small-cell street canyon scenario[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2018, 67(9):7969-7983.
[28] Hemadeh I A, Satyanarayana K, El-Hajjar M, et al. Millimeter-wave communications:physical channel models, design considerations, antenna constructions, and link-budget[J]. IEEE Commun Surveys & Tuts, 2018, 20(2):870-913.
[29] Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiao M. Constant envelope hybrid precoding for directional millimeter-wave communications[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2018, 36(4):845-859.
[30] Vuppala S, Tolossa Y J, Kaddoum G, et al. On the physical layer security analysis of hybrid millimeter wave networks[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2018, 66(3):1139-1152.
[31] Ramadan Y R, Minn H. Artificial noise aided hybrid precoding design for secure mmWave MISO systems with partial channel knowledge[J]. IEEE Signal Process Lett, 2017, 24(11):1729-1733.
[32] Eltayeb M E, Choi J, Al-Naffouri T Y, et al. Enhancing secrecy with multiantenna transmission in millimeter wave vehicular communication systems[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2017, 66(9):8139-8151.
[33] Zhu Y, Wang L, Wong K, et al. Secure communications in millimeter wave ad hoc networks[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2017, 16(5):3205-3217.
[34] Wang W, Zheng Z. Hybrid MIMO andphased-array directional modulation for physical layer security in mmWave wireless communications[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2018, 36(7):1383-1396.
[35] Islam S M R, Avazov N, Dobre O A, et al. Power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G systems:potentials and challenges[J]. IEEE Commun Surveys & Tuts, 2017, 19(2):721-742.
[36] Lv L, Ding Z, Ni Q, et al. Secure MISO-NOMA transmission with artificial noise[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2018, 67(7):6700-6705.
[37] Liu Y, Qin Z, Elkashlan M, et al. Enhancing the physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access in large-scale networks[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2017, 16(3):1656-1672.
[38] Lei H, Zhang J, Park K, et al. On secure NOMA systems with transmit antenna selection schemes[J]. IEEE Access, 2017(5):17450-17464.
[39] He B, Liu A, Yang N, et al. On the design of secure non-orthogonal multiple access systems[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2017, 35(10):2196-2206.
[40] Chen J, Yang L, Alouini M. Physical layer security for cooperative NOMA systems[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2018, 67(5):4645-4649.
[41] Xu L, Nallanathan A, Pan X, et al. Security-aware resource allocation with delay constraint for NOMA-Based cognitive radio network[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2018, 13(2):366-376.
[42] Kim D, Lee H, Hong D. A survey of in-band full-duplex transmission:from the perspective of PHY and MAC layers[J]. IEEE Commun Surveys & Tuts, 2015, 17(4):2017-2046.
[43] Zhu F, Gao F, Zhang T, et al. Physical-layer security for full duplex communications with self-Interference mitigation[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2016, 15(1):329-340.
[44] Sun Y, Ng D W K, Zhu J, et al. Multi-objective optimization for robust power efficient and secure full-duplex wireless communication systems[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2016, 15(8):5511-5526.
[45] Mahmood N H, Ansari I S, Popovski P, et al. Physical-Layer security with full-duplex transceivers and multiuser receiver at eve[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2017, 65(10):4392-4405.
[46] Tang W, Feng S, Ding Y, et al. Physical layer security in heterogeneous networks with jammer selection and full-duplex users[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2017, 16(12):7982-7995.
[47] Tian F, Chen X, Liu S, et al. Secrecy rate optimization in wirelessmulti-hop full duplex networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2018(6):5695-5704.
[48] Chen G, Gong Y, Xiao P, et al. Physical layer network security in the full-duplex relay system[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2015, 10(3):574-583.
[49] Parsaeefard S, Le-Ngoc T. Improving wireless secrecy rate via full-duplex relay-assisted protocols[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2015, 10(10):2095-2107.
[50] Wang Y, Sun R, Wang X. Transceiver design to maximize the weighted sum secrecy rate infull-duplex SWIPT systems[J]. IEEE Signal Process Lett, 2016, 23(6):883-887.
[51] Bi Y, Chen H. Accumulate and jam:Towards secure communication via a wireless-powered full-duplex jammer[J]. IEEE J Sel Topics Signal Process, 2016, 10(8):1538-1550.
[52] Lv T, Gao H, Yang S. Secrecy transmit beamforming for heterogeneous networks[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2015, 33(6):1154-1170.
[53] Zhong Z, Peng J, Luo W, et al. A tractable approach to analyzing the physical-layer security in K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks[J]. China Commun, 2015, 12(Sup):166-173.
[54] Wang B, Huang K, Xu X, et al. Resource allocation for secure communication in K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks:a spatial-temporal perspective[J]. IEEE Access, 2018(6):772-782.
[55] Tang X, Ren P, Han Z. Hierarchical competition as equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints towards security-enhanced wireless networks[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2018, 36(7):1564-1578.
[56] Wang L, Wong K, Jin S, et al. A new look at physical layer security, caching, and wireless energy harvesting for heterogeneous ultra-dense networks[J]. IEEE Commun Mag, 2018, 56(6):49-55.
[57] Jia M, Li D, Yin Z, et al. High spectral efficiency secure communications with non-orthogonal physical and multiple access layers[J]. IEEE Internet Things J, 2018.
[58] Hu L, Wen H, Wu B, et al. Cooperative jamming for physical layer security enhancement in Internet of things[J]. IEEE Internet Things J, 2018, 5(1):219-228.
[59] Xu Q, Ren P, Song H, et al. Security enhancement for IoT communications exposed to eavesdroppers with uncertain locations[J]. IEEE Access, 2016, 4:2840-2853.
[60] Atat R, Liu L, Ashdown J, et al. A physical layer security scheme for mobile health cyber-physical systems[J]. IEEE Internet Things J, 2018, 5(1):295-309.
[61] Xu Q, Ren P, Song H, et al. Security-aware waveforms for enhancing wireless communications privacy in cyber-physical systems via multipath receptions[J]. IEEE Internet Things J, 2017, 4(6):1924-1933.
[62] Tang X, Ren P, Han Z. Distributed power optimization for security-aware multi-channel full-duplex communications:a variational inequality framework[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2017, 65(9):4065-4079.
[63] Wang Q, Chen Z, Mei W, et al. Improving physical layer security using UAV-enabled mobile relaying[J]. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2017, 6(3):310-313.
[64] Lee H, Eom S, Park J, et al. UAV-aided secure communications with cooperative jamming[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2018, 67(10):9385-9392.
[65] Zhao N, Cheng F, Yu F R, et al. Caching UAV assisted secure transmission in hyper-dense networks based on interference alignment[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2018, 66(5):2281-2294.
[66] Tang X, Ren P, Wang Y, et al. Combatingfull-duplex active eavesdropper:a hierarchical game perspective[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2017, 65(3):1379-1395.
[67] Abedi M R, Mokari N, Saeedi H, et al. Robust resource allocation to enhance physical layer security in systems with full-duplex receivers:active adversary[J]. IEEE Transa Wireless Commun, 2017, 16(2):885-899.
[68] Li L, Petropulu A P, Chen Z. MIMO secret communications against an active eavesdropper[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2017, 12(10):2387-2401.
[69] Xu D, Ren P, Lin H. Combat hybrid eavesdropping inpower-domain NOMA:joint design of timing channel and symbol transformation[J]. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2018, 67(6):4998-5012.
[70] Chen B, Zhu C, Li W, et al. Original symbol phase rotated secure transmission against powerful massive MIMO eavesdropper[J]. IEEE Access, 2016(4):3016-3025.
[71] Babaei A, Aghvami A H, Shojaeifard A, et al. full-duplex small-cell networks:a physical-layer security perspective[J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 2018, 66(7):3006-3021.
[72] Pinto P C, Barros J, Win M Z. Secure communication in stochastic wireless networks-part Ⅱ:maximum rate and collusion[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2012, 7(1):139-147.
[73] Vuppala S, Abreu G. Asymptotic secrecy analysis of random networks with colluding eavesdroppers[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2018, 12(1):871-880.
[74] Jiang K, Jing T, Huo Y, et al. SIC-based secrecy performance in uplink NOMA multi-eavesdropper wiretap channels[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6:19664-19680.
[75] Wang W, Teh K C, Li K H, et al. On the impact of adaptive eavesdroppers inmulti-antenna cellular networks[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2018, 13(2):269-279.
[76] Xiong Q, Liang Y, Li K H, et al. Secure transmission against pilot spoofing attack:a two-way training-based scheme[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2016, 11(5):1017-1026.
[77] Xu D, Ren P, Ritcey J A, et al. Code-frequency block group coding for anti-spoofing pilot authentication in multi-antenna OFDM systems[J]. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec, 2018, 13(7):1778-1793.
[78] Tang X, Ren P, Han Z. Jamming mitigation via hierarchical security game for IoT communications[J]. IEEE Access, 2018(6):5766-5779.

A Review on Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Zineng, HU Zhiqun, XIAO Hailin, ZENG Zhangfan. UAV security communication algorithm with Intelligent Reflecting Surface and cooperative Jamming [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2023, 46(1): 69-76.
[2]	. Physical Layer Security for IRS-based Cognitive NOMA V2V Network [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2022, 45(6): 131-137.
[3]	run jiayu. A Deep Learning-Based DoA Estimation Method in Low SNR [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2022, 45(6): 119-125.
[4]	LI Meiling, YANG Xiaoxia, CHENG Wenjie, LU Zhaoming. Physical Layer Security for CR-NOMA System in Vehicle-to-Everything [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2022, 45(1): 115-120.
[5]	ZHU Zishen, ZHANG Chenyu, WANG Luhan, LU Zhaoming, WEN Xiangming. Open Source 5G Architecture Based on Heterogeneous Computing Acceleration [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2022, 45(1): 63-68.
[6]	LIU Yu, WEN Xiang-ming, WANG Lu-han, LU Zhao-ming, DU Ke-liang. High-Performance UPF Prototype Based on VPP [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2021, 44(6): 89-95.
[7]	ZHANG Ping, XU Xiao-dong, HAN Shu-jun, NIU Kai, XU Wen-jun, LAN Yue-heng. Entropy Reduced Mobile Networks Empowering Industrial Applications [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2020, 43(6): 1-9.
[8]	CHEN Pei-pei, LI Tao-shen, GE Zhi-hui, FANG Xing. Secure Beamforming Design for Full-Duplex Energy-Constrained Relaying Networks [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2020, 43(2): 59-65,79.
[9]	LEI Wei-jia, LI Huan. Signal Combining and Self-Interference Cancellation Scheme Based on Linear Neural Network in a Full-Duplex Receiver Cooperative Jamming System [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2020, 43(1): 61-67.
[10]	MA Ying-jie, ZHAO Geng, FAN Xiao-hong, ZHANG Xin-ran, GAO Yuan. Quantum Chaotic Extended Sequence Algorithm for 5G F-OFDM [J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2019, 42(2): 90-94.
[11]	WANG Ying, LI Hong-lin, FEI Zi-xuan, ZHAO Hong-yu, WANG Hong. Research and Prospect of TCP Optimization in 5G Multi-Access Networks [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2019, 42(1): 1-15.
[12]	LEI Wei-jia, LI Yu-yu. A Joint Scheme for Error Correction and Secrecy Based on Rateless Error Correction Codes [J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2019, 42(1): 74-80.
[13]	TANG Lun, ZHAO Pei-pei, ZHAO Guo-fan, CHEN Qian-bin. Dynamic Deployment Algorithm for Service Function Chaining with QoS Guarantee [J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2018, 41(6): 90-96.
[14]	ZHANG Rui, ZHU Min, ZHANG Ji, FENG Dan, BAI Bao-ming. Study on 5G Incremental Redundancy HARQ Transmission Strategy [J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2018, 41(5): 92-97.
[15]	ZHANG Ping, CHEN Hao. A Survey of Positioning Technology for 5G [J]. JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2018, 41(5): 1-12.