关键词: 半量子密码, 量子资源受限, 双向通信

Abstract: Quantum cryptography, utilizing physical principles such as quantum superposition and entanglement, has attracted significant attention across various fields by achieving security beyond classical cryptography. In the current era of limited quantum resources, how to use fewer quantum resources to protect private information has become the focus of research in the field of quantum cryptography. Semi-quantum cryptography, where only one user requires full quantum capability while others need only basic quantum operations, reduces reliance on complex quantum devices for the majority of users. This approach holds substantial research value and practical significance in both theoretical exploration and real-world applications. This paper focuses on the development of semi-quantum cryptography, providing a systematic review of research progress in semi-quantum cryptographic protocols such as semi-quantum key distribution, semi-quantum secure direct communication, semi-quantum secret sharing, semi-quantum private comparison, and semi-quantum secure multiparty summation. Furthermore, this paper also discusses some open issues and future research directions in semi-quantum cryptographic protocols, aiming to provide references for scholars engaged in related research and promote the development and innovation of this field.

Key words: Semi-quantum cryptography, Constrained quantum resources, Two-way communication