Abstract: To solve the challenges of passive target detection and nagivation localization with enhanced precision and multi-dimensionality, this study constructed a single-station quantum illumination model that employs quantum squeezing and entanglement-sensing devices for time delay and azimuth angles. An in-deep investigation has been conducted into the estimation methods for precise time delay and azimuth angle measurement of quantum illumination signals, and the potential of quantum positioning based on time-differences and azimuth observations has been explored. Taking the task of planar target localization of a LiDAR system as an example, we investigate the influence of transmission coefficient and squeezing factor on spatial target localization accuracy. The results reveal the quantum superiority in target spatial localization tasks.

Key words: quantum illumination, target localization, entangled state, squeezing factor, geometric dilution precision