Abstract: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging allows mapping white matter fiber tracts via a process called tractography. Segmentation of white matter tracts according to fiber characteristics can assist statistical analysis and precision medicine. In this paper, we first introduce the principles of white matter tractography and segmentation. Then, we categorize state-of-the-art segmentation methods into voxel-based and fiber-based categories. Moreover, various artificial intelligence algorithms on segmentation are summarized and concluded, and an experiment is conducted to show the segmentation results. Finally, we discuss the challenges and research trends, and forecast the progress prospect of artificial intelligence in white matter tract segmentation. In summary, the review  provides a comprehensive methodological summary and diagnostic support for downstream neuroscience research in sub-healthy individuals and patients.

Key words: diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, white matter tract, segmentation, artificial intelligence, brain science