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Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

  • EI核心期刊

Current Issue

    • Polar Coded Modulation for 6G System
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 1-11.
    • Abstract ( 932 )       
    • The next 6th generation of mobile communications system (6G) will reveal significant improvements in the key performance indicators and support diverse communication scenarios. These put forward higher requirements on the coded modulation technologies. In this paper, the advantages of the polar-coded modulation (PCM) in 6G are first investigated. Then, the principles of multilevel PCM (MLC-PCM) and bit-interleaved PCM (BIPCM) are discussed for the high spectral efficiency and low latency scenarios, respectively. In practical PCM systems, the existing construction methods encounter the problems of high complexity and poor flexibility. To solve these problems, a universal construction framework of PCM is proposed, and the operating procedures in MLC-PCM and BIPCM are also discussed in detail. This construction method utilizes “sum rate approximation” to assign code rates to polar component codes, which performs independently of the actual channel conditions and can significantly reduce the construction complexity of PCM. Simulation results further verify its flexibility and universality with better performance than the 5G low-density parity-check (LDPC)- coded modulation schemes.
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    • Description and measurement of semantic information for the intelligent machine communication
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 12-21.
    • Abstract ( 841 )       
    • Semantic information has the characteristics of high abstraction, intelligence and simplicity. Semantic communication introduces a new semantic dimension and focuses on information content rather than coding symbols, which will greatly improve the efficiency of information transmission. With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and communication technology, semantic communication has been widely concerned by the academic and industrial circles, which will help solve the problems of super-large-scale connection and massive data transmission in intelligent machine communication, and play an important role in realizing efficient communication between machines. Based on information theory and guided by artificial intelligence, this paper summarizes the design method of end-to-end intelligent semantic communication system, presents the description and measurement of semantic information, investigates the encoding and decoding methods and analyses the evaluation indexes of semantic communication system.
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    • Research progress of potential applications of AI in 6G air interface physical layer
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 22-31.
    • Abstract ( 1439 )       
    • With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the rapid growth of network traffic, emerging intelligent applications urgently need a faster, more reliable, and more flexible form of communication network. As a key enabling technology for the intelligent information society in 2030, 6G is expected to support an unprecedented "Internet of Everything" scenario and meet a variety of diverse and challenging needs. However, it also puts forward more stringent requirements for the next generation of wireless communication. In this thesis, academia and industry apply AI to the physical layer of wireless communication, which provides a new idea for the optimization of the transmission architecture of wireless communication systems. This thesis first introduces the AI native theory briefly, then analyzes the relevant research in recent years around four key AI based 6G air interface PHY technologies which includs channel estimation, signal detection, passive beamforming and index modulation (IM), what’s more, summarizes their applications and contributions, and finally points out the challenges and future research directions of AI in 6G.
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    • Integrated sensing and communication interference management: recent advances and future trends
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 32-41.
    • Abstract ( 1444 )       
    • For the sixth generation mobile communication system (6G), the integrated sensing and communication technology, as one of the key technologies of 6G, will help realize the development needs of 6G digitization, networking and intelligence. Interference management in the integrated communication and sensing system faces many challenges. The connotation not only includes the mutual interference cancellation when the sensing subsystem and the communication subsystem cooperate to realize the integrated communication and sensing function, but also includes more flexible and efficient interference avoidance and interference utilization methods, which reflects the development concept of green communication. First describes the necessity of interference management in the integrated system of sensing and communication. Then, the interference elimination methods are reviewed respectively from three paradigms of integrated system implementation and the feasible methods to realize the vision of interference avoidance and interference are put forward follow. Finally, we conclude the paper and identify some open problems in this field.
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    • A SSVEP-BCI Less-training Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-symbol Time Division Coding
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, (6): 42-47.
    • Abstract ( 182 )       
    • Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is one of the three mainstream paradigms in the field of noninvasive brain-computer interface research. Existing studies have shown that the recognition efficiency of SSVEP-BCI can be effectively improved by introducing the calibrated data of the subjects. However, the traditional SSVEP-BCI training algorithm have to collect a large number of subjects' EEG data before training, which greatly increases the cost of SSVEP-BCI, thus disadvantage to the popularization of SSVEP-BCI. Therefore, how to reduce the training cost of the system meanwhile ensuring the efficiency of BCI recognition has become one of the research hotspots of SSVEP-BCI. In order to reduce the defect of long training on SSVEP-BCI., this study proposes a less-training detection algorithm based on multi-symbol time-division coding for SSVEP-BCI. The algorithm makes full use of the advantages of the multi-symbol time-division coding scheme, which uses the symbol response multiplexing method to identify a large number of candidate targets with a small amount of EEG training data. In the online experiment of 40 target 30Hz high frequency encoded brain-computer interface system with 12 subjects, the algorithm can achieve an average recognition accuracy of 86.04%±10.27% and information transfer rate of 97.41±19.12bits/min with only 36s training time. The experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve high recognition accuracy and information transmission rate with a small amount of training data, thus it is expected to improve the practical application value of SSVEP-BCI.
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    • Virtual Massive MIMO Channel Estimation Algorithm in UAV Swarm Communications
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 48-54.
    • Abstract ( 517 )       
    • In the application scenario of hot spots coverage with UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) swarm communications, a channel estimation algorithm for virtual large-scale multiple input multiple output channel in UAV swarm communication is proposed. The proposed channel algorithm includes a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm and sub-array spacing estimation algorithm in the steering-vector of the channel state information. Considering that the air to ground channel state depends on the angle domain information of the ground users, the auxiliary user is used to estimate the direction angle of the UAV. Based on this, a reduced rank based DOA estimation algorithm is proposed to obtain high-precision DOA information. Furthermore, considering that the dynamic position change of UAV results in the relative position change of antenna arrays of different UAVs, a sub-array spacing estimation algorithm based on optimization search is proposed to avoid the high computational complexity caused by large-scale search. Simulation results show that the proposed DOA and sub-array spacing estimation algorithm can improve the accuracy of channel estimation.
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    • Multicast Service Chain Deployment and Adjustment Method under User Dynamic Access
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 55-61.
    • Abstract ( 249 )       
    • Multicast is an effective point-to-multipoint data transmission method. Network function virtualization improves the efficiency and flexibility of multicast transmission by making the network functions software. In network function virtualization, multicast services can be achieved by deploying multicast service function chains. How to efficiently deploy multicast function chains is the key problem to be solved urgently. Considering that the users in multicast services may dynamically access, combined with the lack of current research in the scenarios, establish a dynamic multicast service chain deployment-adjustment model for the goal of minimizing network costs, integrating the migration of virtual network functions, and the time variability of network resources. Design a heuristic multicast service function chain deployment-adjustment algorithm and conduct simulation experiments for this model. Simulation results show that the algorithm can deploy and adjust multicast service function chains at an average of 1.21 times the optimal cost approximately, whose average running time is about 0.25% of the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm performs better, combined with the network cost and running time.
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    • Encoding and compression method of 3D skeleton data for semantic communication
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 62-69.
    • Abstract ( 506 )       
    • As the Internet of Everything becomes the trend of the times, traditional video coding and compression methods are difficult to remove a large amount of redundant information in video data, which will inevitably reduce transmission efficiency. To address this challenge, a semantic communication-oriented 3D skeleton data source encoding and compression method (DMDCT) is proposed. For the redundancy problem in the skeleton data, starting from the semantic concept, a multi-scale skeleton representation method is proposed, which adaptively describes the motion state of skeleton participating in each different action semantics while retaining the human skeleton structure. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) separates the DC and AC components represented by multi-scale skeleton points from the frequency domain level, further reducing the overall data volume. Different from the traditional communication method of transmitting original video data, combined with semantic communication, only skeleton point data related to high-level tasks is transmitted, which improves the data transmission efficiency. Experiments on the public dataset NTU RGB+D taking action recognition as an example show that, under the same compression rate, DMDCT's TOP-1 accuracy rate is about 5% higher than that of similar algorithms, and retaining only 10% of the DCT coefficients can still achieve an accuracy of 74.2%, while the data volume is only 6% of the original data volume.
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    • RIS Assisted Short Packet Communication System: Delay and Security Performance Analysis
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 70-77.
    • Abstract ( 752 )       
    • Due to the characteristic of flexibility, low cost and high efficiency, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is viewed as one of the promising technologies of the 6th generation mobile communication system. In this paper, a RIS-assisted short packet communication system is proposed to improve the performance of short packet communication-. Based on the finite blocklength coding theorem, queuing theory and effective capacity theory, the statistical delay violation probability of the RIS-assisted short packet communication system is analyzed and the closed-form expression is obtained. Moreover, based on the physical layer security, the ergodic secrecy transmission rate of the RIS-assisted short packet communication system is analyzed and the closed expression is obtained. The closed expression of the ergodic secrecy transmission rate under the condition of a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis results. From the results, we obtain that the statistical delay violation probability of short packet communication system can be effectively reduced and the ergodic secrecy transmission rate can be improved by increasing the number of RIS units and deploying the RIS close to transmitter or receiver.
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    • Preamble Design for Low Earth Orbit Communication Systems
    • Mugen Peng
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 78-84.
    • Abstract ( 407 )       
    • Since maximal preamble arrival time difference is much more significant in satellite beam cells than that in terrestrial case, current preamble formats in 5G cannot be directly applied to B5G low earth orbit satellite networks, which can easily cause timing advance (TA) estimation failures. To cope with this challenge, by investigating 2-step TA estimation procedure and inter-preamble interference, an enhanced preamble format design is proposed, whose core idea lies in flexible cascading of sub-sequences and differential power allocation among them. Simulation results show that our proposal can achieve a much lower missed detection rate of preamble with TA estimation accuracy taken into account, compared with benchmarks when 32 users access and signal to noise ratio is -10dB, which decreases the failure probability of random access.
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    • Intent-driven Demand-aware Resource Service in Autonomous Networks
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 85-91.
    • Abstract ( 564 )       
    • 6G Autonomous Networks needs to realize the network automation full scene demand-aware service for multi-layer users. Operators' users urgently need a method to effectively mine the multi-layer user intents and realize the automatic on-demand allocation of resources. Therefore, a fully automated framework for managing network resources by turning user intention into strategy is proposed. Firstly, considering the scarcity of intent mining data, a method of using unlabeled corpus to improve the ability of intent entity mining is proposed. Secondly, comprehensively considering the network service quality and user business needs, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to optimize and manage the division of network resources, improve the user experience, balance the network load and maximize the utilization of resources. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can mine users' intents more rapidly and divide network resources more accurately to ensure the quality of service.
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    • Outage Performance Analysis and Power Allocation Research of CR-NOMA System on Coordinated Direct and FD Relay Transmission
    • Kunming Dong bin shen Hui linJIANG
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 92-97.
    • Abstract ( 727 )       
    • Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the key candidate technologies of 5G network. The CR-NOMA system formed by the combination of cognitive radio (CR) technology can achieve higher spectrum efficiency, greater throughput and lower transmission delay. In this paper, coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT) technology is introduced into CR-NOMA system, where CDRT means that the secondary source (SS) communicates directly with near user and only with far user through relay. In the case of non-ideal successive interference cancellation (SIC) and full-duplex (FD) relay, the exact closed expression of NOMA user outage probability (OP) is derived, and the approximate expression of user OP is obtained when the ITC or the transmission power of the SS approaches infinity. In addition, based on user fairness and OP performance, a user power allocation factor optimization algorithm is proposed. Monte Carlo simulation verifies the consistency between theoretical analysis and experimental results. After the optimization of the proposed algorithm, compared with the fixed power allocation scheme, the fairness of user OP performance is enhanced and the system rate is significantly increased.
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    • Joint SNR estimation and modulation recognition of MIMO-OFDM signals based on multitask learning
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 98-104.
    • Abstract ( 377 )       
    • Aiming at the problem that the current research on Blind SNR estimation and subcarrier modulation recognition of MIMO-OFDM signal in non cooperative communication only focuses on a single task, an algorithm combining deep neural network and multi task learning (MTL) framework is proposed to complete blind SNR estimation and modulation recognition at the same time. Firstly, the joint approximate diagonalization algorithm (JADE) of eigenvalue matrix is used to recover the transmitted signal, and the codirectional orthogonal (I/Q) component of the recovered signal is extracted as the shallow feature; Then, a multi task learning model based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) is built to realize complementary advantages through joint training of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation and modulation recognition. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than single task learning (STL). When the signal-to-noise ratio is - 10dB, the mean square error of signal-to-noise ratio estimation is reduced by 66.21% and the modulation recognition accuracy is improved by 4.75%. In addition, when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than - 1dB, the mean square error of signal-to-noise ratio estimation is less than 0.1; When the signal-to-noise ratio is 3dB, the accuracy of modulation recognition can reach 100%.
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    • Study on Handover Mechanism in Non-terrestrial Networks with Transparent Satellites
    • Ze-Yu Wang Meng-Fei ZHANG Mugen Peng
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 105-112.
    • Abstract ( 461 )       
    • Focusing on non-terrestrial networks with transparent satellites, a handover scheme is proposed, which triggers handover based on ephemeris information and selects handover link based on multi-decision indicators. In addition, handover procedure for practical implementation is designed and the performance of different handover schemes is evaluated through system simulation. Results show that compared with the handover schemes based on the maximum satellite elevation angle, the longest satellite coverage time and the longest link existing time, our proposal can effectively reduce the number of inter-gNB handover, thereby reducing signaling overhead and raising handover success rate.
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    • Wideband Uplink Channel Estimation for RIS-Assisted Terahertz Communication
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 113-118.
    • Abstract ( 570 )       
    • In reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted communication systems, existing wideband channel estimation schemes only consider the frequency selectivity fading of the channel, and ignore the beam squint problem which degrades the system performance severely. Therefore, a distributed Dice subspace pursuit (DDSP) scheme based on a grouping strategy is proposed in this paper. First, the cascaded channel estimation problem is transformed into a sparse signal recovery problem by exploiting the sparsity of Terahertz (THz) channels. Then, a wideband dictionary is designed and a grouping strategy is proposed to solve the effect of beam squint. Finally, the Dice coefficient criterion and backtracking idea are introduced to optimize the selection of support set. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of channel estimation and outperforms the traditional wideband channel estimation schemes.
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    • A Deep Learning-Based DoA Estimation Method in Low SNR
    • run jiayu
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 119-125.
    • Abstract ( 702 )       
    • Aiming at the problem of millimeter-wave multipath direction-of-angle estimation, a deep learning-based direction-of-angle estimation method is proposed. This method is realized by constructing the mapping between the covariance matrix and multipath direction-of-angle. The proposed method first constructs a sampling covariance matrix based on the received signal. Then, a multi-label classification model using the deep residual shrinkage network is introduced into the direction-of-angle estimation of the line-of-sight path. Finally, a regression model using the proposed convolutional neural network is used to achieve direction-of-angle estimation of multiple non-line-of-sight paths. A series of simulation results show that the proposed method significantly reduces root mean square error compared with the traditional methods. The lower angle estimation error is achieved in low signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, under different scenarios, the proposed approach has the good applicability.
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    • Resource Allocation Based on Alternating Direction Multiplier Method and Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 126-130.
    • Abstract ( 321 )       
    • In order to optimize resource allocation of dense network under limited channel state information, a model-driven learning framework combined with alternating direction method of multipliers, as well as deep reinforcement learning algorithm, is proposed. This framework differs from data-driven ones, which enables one-to-one modeling of specific problems. The steps on how to model resource allocation include: alternately optimizing base station selection, power, and subcarrier allocation with alternating direction method of multipliers; using deep reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize weights, solve target functions and improve performance of the system; using effective channel state information instead of redundant information to reduce overhead on communication; adding constraints on users’ quality of service requirements to maximize cell spectral efficiency while ensuring user experience, which can maximize the spectral efficiency of the cell while ensuring users’ experience. The simulation results show that the model-driven learning framework can converge in a small number of iterations.
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    • Physical Layer Security for IRS-based Cognitive NOMA V2V Network
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 131-137.
    • Abstract ( 410 )       
    • Cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) have been envisioned as two promising technologies for vehicle to everything due to their high spectral efficiency and low power consumption. In this paper, we consider an IRS-aided vehicle to vehicle (V2V) network with cognitive NOMA in the presence of a malicious eavesdropper. Under the realistic assumption of channel estimation errors, we study the physical layer security of IRS-aided V2Vnetwork with cognitive NOMA system from two aspects of security and reliability. The analytical expressions of outage probability and intercept probability under double Rayleigh fading channels are derived. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation is used to validate the theoretical analysis. The results show that the physical layer security performance of V2V network can be further improved by optimizing the source vehicle transmitting power, distance between vehicles, IRS reflection unit number, target rate and power distribution coefficient.
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    • Virtual-Real Mapping Error Aware Computing Task Offloading and Adaptive Resource Optimization in Digital Twin Driven UAV Networks
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 138-144.
    • Abstract ( 457 )       
    • To address the problem of large resource consumption for resource intensive tasks computing in dynamic and time-varying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks with high transmission delay and low reliable connection, digital twin is leveraged to construct twin networks model, which consists of UAV, ground smart terminal and wireless network environment, in order to simulate the operation state of UAV networks. Furthermore, computing tasks offloading mechanism for ground smart terminal is developed in the constructed twin networks model. The ground smart terminal chooses to offload all the computing tasks to the UAV, or perform computing locally, under the constraint of maximum tolerant computing delay. Then, the problem of computing offloading is modeled as a Markov decision process, and an adaptive resource optimization model is established for jointly optimizing UAV hovering point, computing tasks offloading decision and UAV computing resource allocation, so as to maximize the UAV utility. Moreover, a digital twin model empowered Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) approach is designed to obtain the optimal solutions. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed approach can effective improve the UAV utility. Meanwhile, it can well adapt to the virtual-real mapping error.
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    • Trusted predictive cache architecture for Internet of vehicles privacy protection combined with blockchain
    • Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2022, 45(6): 145-150.
    • Abstract ( 350 )       
    • When enjoying location-based services, users need to submit location information and query requests frequently, which may lead to privacy disclosure. Therefore, a trusted prediction cache architecture based on blockchain(TPCB) for privacy protection is proposed by using the ability of cognitive engine to perceive user needs. First, the query request is predicted based on the LSTM model, and the requester relies on the service provider to broadcast the cached data to obtain the service. Secondly, the trust mechanism is used to evaluate the trust value to solve the problem of untrusted interaction when communicating with different neighbors. Finally, based on the characteristics of blockchain, a large number of trust data and transaction data generated in the transaction process are stored in the block. The experimental results show that TPCB can effectively improve the cache hit rate, and has good performance in restraining malicious providers, encouraging providers who refuse to participate and privacy protection.
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